Flexible spoilers in Formula 1

In Formula 1, wings play a key role in car performance. However, for those who closely follow the category, the concept of flexible wings may raise questions. Here, we explain in simple terms what they are and why they cause so much debate.

What are flexible wings?

Wings are aerodynamic components designed to generate downforce, which keeps the car glued to the ground during corners. Flexible wings are a variation of these, designed to adapt to different track conditions. At low speeds, they remain rigid, but at higher speeds, they flex slightly to reduce air resistance. This allows the car to be faster on straights without losing grip in corners.

Why are they important?

The flexibility of the wings provides significant aerodynamic advantages. By reducing resistance on straights, the cars achieve higher top speeds, improving lap times. Although these solutions are clever, Formula 1 rules set limits on how much flex is allowed, so teams are always on the edge of legality.

The flexibility controversy

The issue lies in the fact that flexible wings exist in a gray area of the regulations. Teams design their cars to pass the FIA's rigidity tests, which inspect the wings under static loads. However, during races, the wings can behave differently due to the forces they are subjected to at high speeds.

For example, in 2021, several teams accused others of using rear wings that flexed excessively at high speeds, prompting the FIA to introduce stricter tests. This demonstrated that controlled flexing, while clever, could be seen as an attempt to circumvent the rules.

Why does the FIA regulate flexible wings?

The FIA's goal is to ensure that cars comply with technical regulations that promote fair competition. If a team gains a significant advantage with a wing that flexes beyond what is allowed, it can unbalance the competition. For this reason, the FIA subjects the cars to load tests, where the wings must withstand certain forces without deforming beyond what is permitted.

These regulations force teams to find a balance between performance and legality. A wing that flexes too much could be disqualified if it fails to comply with the rules, but if it operates within the permitted range, it becomes a valuable technical advantage.